Fragen für die Paramedic-Prüfung

1. In most cases, charges of negligence stem from an act of:
   
   1. Omission
   2. Commission
   3. Authority
   4. Disregard
2. Your paramedic partner has been trying to earn extra money to buy a new car. He is working all of the overtime that is made available to him. Since the service is short-staffed at the present time, he frequently works 36 consecutive hours in the busiest districts before taking 16 hours off. On your next duty shift, he complaints of muscle aches, sore throat, and nausea. What is the basis for his complaints?
   
   1. Direct patient contact on a continual basis increasing pathogenic exposure, which constantly overwhelms the immune system.
   2. Poor personal hygiene because he does not wash his hands or the ambulance equipment between patients.
   3. Lack of sleep inhibits the functional ability of most cells involved with hte immune system.
   4. Stress increases cortisol serum secretion from the adrenal cortex, depressing the immune response.
3. What is the most accurate definition of the shock state?
   
   1. The level of carbon dioxide in the blood exceeds 50mmHG.
   2. Oxygen and nutrients are not transported to the cells for use.
   3. Metabolic needs increase, and there is a concurrent decrease in body temperature.
   4. Cells lose permeability, and oxygen and nutrients cannot be transported into the cell.
4. When epinephrine is administered to an adult patient for relief of bronchospasm, the dosage is usually:
   
   1. 0.3mg of 1:10,000 solution IV push
   2. 0.3-0.5mg of 1:1000 solution SQ
   3. 0.7-1.0mg of 1:1000 solution SQ.
   4. 3.0-5.0mg of 1:1000 solution SQ
5. Inhalation of which of the following is most likely to cause burns to the lower airway and lungs?
   
   1. Superheated air
   2. Superheated steam
   3. Phosgene gas
   4. Carbon monoxxide
6. A burn lesion resembling a bull's eye with blisters and with a charred central zone of third-degree burn, a middle zone of cold, gray second-degree burn, and an outer ring of red tissue is typical of a/an:
   
   1. Contact Burn
   2. Flash Burn
   3. Arc Burn
   4. Flame Burn
7. Given consistency of body tissue, direction of penetration, and range of weapon, which of the following causes the greatest tissue damage?
   
   1. .44 Magnum pistol
   2. Bowie Knife
   3. .357 Magnum pistol
   4. M-14 military rifle
8. A 30-year-old prowler fell a distance of 20 feet and landed on his feet, breaking both ankles. The kinetics of this injury pattern are most commonly associated with which type of injury?
   
   1. Spinal compression fracture
   2. C-1 and C-2 hangman's fracture
   3. Aortic tear from the ligamenta arteriosum
   4. Liver injury from the ligament of "teres"
9. While you are administering medications to patients, which of the following diagnoses alerts you to observe for prolonged action of drugs?
   
   1. COPD
   2. Gastroenteritis
   3. Chronic liver disease
   4. Cholecystitis
10. What is a safe initial fluid challenge for a pediatric patient in hypovolemic shock?
    
    1. 1-2cc/kg
    2. 5-10cc/kg
    3. 10-20cc/kg
    4. 30-40cc/kg
11. You respond to a call on a hot, humid summer day. Your patient is a 71-year-old male who collapsed on a front lawn. Bystanders inform you that he was mowing the grass when he suddenly collapsed. Physical examination reveals dilated pupils, hot/dry skin, and a weak/thready pulse. What IV therapy is indicated in this situation?
    
    1. 5% DW wide open
    2. 0.9 NaCl wide open
    3. 0.45 NaCl KVO

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